{"key":"op_408_ES","page":{"url":"https://ua.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=surgical-treatment-of-epilepsy/","procedure":{"id":408,"slug":"surgical-treatment-of-epilepsy","name":"Хірургічне лікування епілепсії","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"neurology","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":34,"iso":"ES","name":"Іспанія"},"currency":"USD","data_date":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://ua.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=surgical-treatment-of-epilepsy/","cost_url":"https://ua.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=surgical-treatment-of-epilepsy/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":75400,"to":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"avg":{"value":75444,"method":"median","source":"offers"},"us":{"from":85000,"to":140000},"uk":{"from":38000,"to":58000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"Барселона","from":75400},{"city":"Мадрид","from":32000},{"city":"Аліканте","from":18000}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"source":"offers","items":[{"tier":"standard","min":75444,"max":75444,"median":75444,"count":1}]},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":6000,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"FR","from":28000,"to":42000},{"country_iso":"GB","from":38000,"to":58000},{"country_iso":"US","from":85000,"to":140000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":38000,"to":60000},{"country_iso":"TR","from":9600,"to":14500},{"country_iso":"MX","from":18000,"to":31000},{"country_iso":"DE","from":40000,"to":70000},{"country_iso":"CA","from":45000,"to":85000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":28000,"to":48000},{"country_iso":"TH","from":14000,"to":23000},{"country_iso":"PL","from":9000,"to":16000},{"country_iso":"KR","from":18000,"to":32000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":11000,"to":20000},{"country_iso":"AT","from":24000,"to":39000},{"country_iso":"IT","from":18000,"to":31000},{"country_iso":"CN","from":18500,"to":48000},{"country_iso":"AU","from":42000,"to":63000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":6500,"to":14000},{"country_iso":"MY","from":12000,"to":21000},{"country_iso":"VN","from":9000,"to":16000},{"country_iso":"BR","from":18000,"to":28000}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":11,"variant":"<15%"},"package":{"included":["24-hr nurse services","3 meals per day by nutritionist","Hospitalization","Language assistance"],"excluded":["Transfer is not included"],"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":9,"items":[{"id":78,"name":"Centro Médico Teknon","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":497,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","European Foundation for Quality Management","THE IMTJ MEDICAL TRAVEL AWARD WINNER IN 2019","Patient choice in Neurology","Patient choice in Neurosurgery","Patient choice for Epilepsy treatment","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek"],"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Offers advanced robotic SEEG surgery with precise coagulation of epileptic foci. The clinic has performed 900+ diagnostic tests and 600+ epilepsy surgeries. JCI accredited with a 94% patient recommendation rate.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":[{"id":"69d8e1afc835199ff40df372","price":75444,"nights":10,"included":["3 meals per day by nutritionist","24-hr nurse services","Language assistance","Hospitalization"],"excluded":["Transfer is not included"],"other_services":"SEEG-Guided Treatment by Leading Epileptologist & Neurosurgeon 🏥 Clinic Centro Médico Teknon A JCI-accredited hospital, ranked among the World’s Best Hospitals by Newsweek, offering one of Europe’s most advanced epilepsy surgery programs. 👨⚕️ Medical Team 🧠 Epileptologist Dr. Russi Leading specialist in drug-resistant epilepsy Expert in Video-EEG monitoring and seizure localization Responsible for diagnostic strategy and patient selection 🔬 Neurosurgeon Dr. Bartolomé Oliver, MD, PhD Performs 200+ neurosurgeries annually Pioneer in microsurgical and minimally invasive brain surgery Expert in epilepsy surgery and brain mapping techniques 👉 Multidisciplinary approach ensures maximum safety and precision 🧠 What Makes This Treatment Unique SEEG (Stereo-EEG) invasive monitoring for precise seizure localization Advanced fusion imaging (MRI + PET) Personalized surgical planning based on real brain activity Treatment designed for drug-resistant epilepsy cases 👉 Goal: identify seizure focus + remove it safely + achieve seizure freedom 📋 Medical Program Included 🔍 Advanced Diagnostics & Pre-Surgical Evaluation: Consultation with epileptologist & neurosurgeon Brain MRI with contrast PET scan of the brain Fusion imaging (MRI + PET) Neurological evaluation Preoperative assessment 🔬 Stage 1 – SEEG Monitoring (Invasive Diagnosis) Implantation of intracranial electrodes Continuous Video-EEG monitoring (24h HD) Real-time recording of brain electrical activity ICU and hospital monitoring 👉 Allows precise identification of epileptic focus 📌 Includes: Electrodes and surgical materials Video-EEG system Hospitalization (including ICU if required) Medications and monitoring 🔬 Stage 2 – Epilepsy Surgery Removal or disconnection of epileptic focus Performed using microsurgical techniques Guided by SEEG data and neuronavigation ⏱️ Procedure Details: Surgery duration: 3–6 hours Anesthesia: General High-precision brain mapping ⚡ Recovery & Results ICU stay: 1–2 days (if required) Total hospital stay: 7–14 days Initial recovery: 2–4 weeks Long-term outcome: 👉 Significant reduction or complete elimination of seizures ✈️ Recommended Stay in Barcelona 📅 Total stay: 2–3 weeks Suggested timeline: Week 1: Diagnostics + SEEG implantation Week 2: Monitoring + second-stage surgery Week 3: Recovery + follow-up 💰 Package Price 👉 €68000 ✔ Includes: Full diagnostic work-up (MRI, PET, fusion imaging) SEEG invasive monitoring Neurosurgical procedure Operating room & anesthesia ICU (if required) Hospitalization Materials, electrodes & medical equipment Fees of doctors, surgeons, and Video-EEG team 📌 Note: Final cost may vary depending on clinical complexity and additional needs 🏨 Premium Services Included Dedicated international patient coordinator Private hospital room Multidisciplinary care team Continuous monitoring and support Assistance with travel and logistics ⭐ Why Choose This Program One of the most advanced epilepsy surgery programs in Europe SEEG technology for maximum diagnostic accuracy Multidisciplinary team (epileptologist + neurosurgeon) High success rates in drug-resistant epilepsy Premium hospital environment with international standards 💬 Ideal For Patients Who: Have drug-resistant epilepsy Experience frequent or severe seizures Need advanced diagnostic evaluation (SEEG) Seek treatment in a top European neurosurgical center"}]},{"id":6225,"name":"Hospital Ruber Internacional","city":"Madrid","rating":5,"reviews_count":3,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":272,"name":"SJD Barcelona Children’s Hospital","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":44,"accreditations":["Bookimed Award: Best pediatric hospital","World's Best Specialized Hospitals 2022 by Newsweek"],"rank":3,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Performed Spain's first robotic-assisted laser ablation for pediatric epilepsy. Real-time MRI guidance targets deep brain lesions with millimeter precision. CSUR-accredited.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":310,"name":"HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO HM MADRID","city":"Madrid","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":17,"accreditations":["European Foundation for Quality Management","TÜV AG Сompany Research & Investing Certificate","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek"],"rank":4,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":339,"name":"Clinica Universidad de Navarra (Navarra Hospital)","city":"Pamplona","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":7,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","European Society for Medical Oncology","World's Best Hospitals 2020 by Newsweek","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek","World's Best Smart Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek","World's Best Hospitals 2022 by Newsweek","World's Best Smart Hospitals 2023 by Newsweek"],"rank":5,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":422,"name":"Hospital HM Nou Delfos","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":5,"accreditations":["European Foundation for Quality Management","Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 by TÜV NORD CERT"],"rank":6,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":588,"name":"IMED - Elche","city":"Alicante","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":7,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":709,"name":"IMED - Levante","city":"Alicante","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":8,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":9673,"name":"Neuroclínica Quirúrgica Barcelona","city":"Barcelona","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":9,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}}]},"doctors":{"count":13,"languages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"cities":[{"id":98,"slug":"barcelona","name":"Барселона","clinics_count":1,"price_from":75400,"profile":{"city_type":"Mediterranean coastal city in Spain","access":["Barcelona Airport (BCN), 15 km southwest of city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona–El_Prat_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":346,"slug":"madrid","name":"Мадрид","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":32000,"profile":{"city_type":"Capital and largest city of Spain","access":["Madrid Barajas Airport (MAD), 13 km from Puerta del Sol"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid–Barajas_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":441,"slug":"alicante","name":"Аліканте","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":18000,"profile":{"city_type":"Mediterranean port city in Spain","access":["Alicante Airport (ALC), 9 km from the city"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante%E2%80%93Elche_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}}],"offers":{"active":1,"active_with_related":1,"hospital_nights_median":10,"days_in_country_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"fewer than 10 offers with hotel days"},"top_offers":[{"id":"69d8e1afc835199ff40df372","clinic_id":78,"clinic_listed":true,"price":75444,"nights":10,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["3 meals per day by nutritionist","24-hr nurse services","Language assistance","Hospitalization"],"excluded":["Transfer is not included"],"other_services":"SEEG-Guided Treatment by Leading Epileptologist & Neurosurgeon 🏥 Clinic Centro Médico Teknon A JCI-accredited hospital, ranked among the World’s Best Hospitals by Newsweek, offering one of Europe’s most advanced epilepsy surgery programs. 👨⚕️ Medical Team 🧠 Epileptologist Dr. Russi Leading specialist in drug-resistant epilepsy Expert in Video-EEG monitoring and seizure localization Responsible for diagnostic strategy and patient selection 🔬 Neurosurgeon Dr. Bartolomé Oliver, MD, PhD Performs 200+ neurosurgeries annually Pioneer in microsurgical and minimally invasive brain surgery Expert in epilepsy surgery and brain mapping techniques 👉 Multidisciplinary approach ensures maximum safety and precision 🧠 What Makes This Treatment Unique SEEG (Stereo-EEG) invasive monitoring for precise seizure localization Advanced fusion imaging (MRI + PET) Personalized surgical planning based on real brain activity Treatment designed for drug-resistant epilepsy cases 👉 Goal: identify seizure focus + remove it safely + achieve seizure freedom 📋 Medical Program Included 🔍 Advanced Diagnostics & Pre-Surgical Evaluation: Consultation with epileptologist & neurosurgeon Brain MRI with contrast PET scan of the brain Fusion imaging (MRI + PET) Neurological evaluation Preoperative assessment 🔬 Stage 1 – SEEG Monitoring (Invasive Diagnosis) Implantation of intracranial electrodes Continuous Video-EEG monitoring (24h HD) Real-time recording of brain electrical activity ICU and hospital monitoring 👉 Allows precise identification of epileptic focus 📌 Includes: Electrodes and surgical materials Video-EEG system Hospitalization (including ICU if required) Medications and monitoring 🔬 Stage 2 – Epilepsy Surgery Removal or disconnection of epileptic focus Performed using microsurgical techniques Guided by SEEG data and neuronavigation ⏱️ Procedure Details: Surgery duration: 3–6 hours Anesthesia: General High-precision brain mapping ⚡ Recovery & Results ICU stay: 1–2 days (if required) Total hospital stay: 7–14 days Initial recovery: 2–4 weeks Long-term outcome: 👉 Significant reduction or complete elimination of seizures ✈️ Recommended Stay in Barcelona 📅 Total stay: 2–3 weeks Suggested timeline: Week 1: Diagnostics + SEEG implantation Week 2: Monitoring + second-stage surgery Week 3: Recovery + follow-up 💰 Package Price 👉 €68000 ✔ Includes: Full diagnostic work-up (MRI, PET, fusion imaging) SEEG invasive monitoring Neurosurgical procedure Operating room & anesthesia ICU (if required) Hospitalization Materials, electrodes & medical equipment Fees of doctors, surgeons, and Video-EEG team 📌 Note: Final cost may vary depending on clinical complexity and additional needs 🏨 Premium Services Included Dedicated international patient coordinator Private hospital room Multidisciplinary care team Continuous monitoring and support Assistance with travel and logistics ⭐ Why Choose This Program One of the most advanced epilepsy surgery programs in Europe SEEG technology for maximum diagnostic accuracy Multidisciplinary team (epileptologist + neurosurgeon) High success rates in drug-resistant epilepsy Premium hospital environment with international standards 💬 Ideal For Patients Who: Have drug-resistant epilepsy Experience frequent or severe seizures Need advanced diagnostic evaluation (SEEG) Seek treatment in a top European neurosurgical center","is_package":true}],"packages":[{"id":"69d8e1afc835199ff40df372","clinic_id":78,"clinic_listed":true,"price":75444,"nights":10,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["3 meals per day by nutritionist","24-hr nurse services","Language assistance","Hospitalization"],"excluded":["Transfer is not included"],"other_services":"SEEG-Guided Treatment by Leading Epileptologist & Neurosurgeon 🏥 Clinic Centro Médico Teknon A JCI-accredited hospital, ranked among the World’s Best Hospitals by Newsweek, offering one of Europe’s most advanced epilepsy surgery programs. 👨⚕️ Medical Team 🧠 Epileptologist Dr. Russi Leading specialist in drug-resistant epilepsy Expert in Video-EEG monitoring and seizure localization Responsible for diagnostic strategy and patient selection 🔬 Neurosurgeon Dr. Bartolomé Oliver, MD, PhD Performs 200+ neurosurgeries annually Pioneer in microsurgical and minimally invasive brain surgery Expert in epilepsy surgery and brain mapping techniques 👉 Multidisciplinary approach ensures maximum safety and precision 🧠 What Makes This Treatment Unique SEEG (Stereo-EEG) invasive monitoring for precise seizure localization Advanced fusion imaging (MRI + PET) Personalized surgical planning based on real brain activity Treatment designed for drug-resistant epilepsy cases 👉 Goal: identify seizure focus + remove it safely + achieve seizure freedom 📋 Medical Program Included 🔍 Advanced Diagnostics & Pre-Surgical Evaluation: Consultation with epileptologist & neurosurgeon Brain MRI with contrast PET scan of the brain Fusion imaging (MRI + PET) Neurological evaluation Preoperative assessment 🔬 Stage 1 – SEEG Monitoring (Invasive Diagnosis) Implantation of intracranial electrodes Continuous Video-EEG monitoring (24h HD) Real-time recording of brain electrical activity ICU and hospital monitoring 👉 Allows precise identification of epileptic focus 📌 Includes: Electrodes and surgical materials Video-EEG system Hospitalization (including ICU if required) Medications and monitoring 🔬 Stage 2 – Epilepsy Surgery Removal or disconnection of epileptic focus Performed using microsurgical techniques Guided by SEEG data and neuronavigation ⏱️ Procedure Details: Surgery duration: 3–6 hours Anesthesia: General High-precision brain mapping ⚡ Recovery & Results ICU stay: 1–2 days (if required) Total hospital stay: 7–14 days Initial recovery: 2–4 weeks Long-term outcome: 👉 Significant reduction or complete elimination of seizures ✈️ Recommended Stay in Barcelona 📅 Total stay: 2–3 weeks Suggested timeline: Week 1: Diagnostics + SEEG implantation Week 2: Monitoring + second-stage surgery Week 3: Recovery + follow-up 💰 Package Price 👉 €68000 ✔ Includes: Full diagnostic work-up (MRI, PET, fusion imaging) SEEG invasive monitoring Neurosurgical procedure Operating room & anesthesia ICU (if required) Hospitalization Materials, electrodes & medical equipment Fees of doctors, surgeons, and Video-EEG team 📌 Note: Final cost may vary depending on clinical complexity and additional needs 🏨 Premium Services Included Dedicated international patient coordinator Private hospital room Multidisciplinary care team Continuous monitoring and support Assistance with travel and logistics ⭐ Why Choose This Program One of the most advanced epilepsy surgery programs in Europe SEEG technology for maximum diagnostic accuracy Multidisciplinary team (epileptologist + neurosurgeon) High success rates in drug-resistant epilepsy Premium hospital environment with international standards 💬 Ideal For Patients Who: Have drug-resistant epilepsy Experience frequent or severe seizures Need advanced diagnostic evaluation (SEEG) Seek treatment in a top European neurosurgical center","is_package":true}],"related_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_classified"}},"medical":{"indications":["Drug-resistant focal epilepsy (failure of two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications)","Well-localized resectable focus, such as mesial temporal sclerosis","Structural lesion causing epilepsy (e.g. tumor, cavernoma, focal cortical dysplasia)","Disabling seizures with concordant presurgical findings (video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology)"],"contraindications":["Seizures that are not epileptic (e.g. psychogenic non-epileptic events)","Focus in eloquent cortex, unresectable without deficit; no palliative option","Generalized epilepsy without targetable focus (relative; consider neuromodulation)","Unfit for anesthesia or craniotomy from severe comorbidity (relative)","Active untreated intracranial infection or uncorrected bleeding disorder","Unmanaged severe psychiatric illness or inability to follow evaluation (relative)","Pregnancy (relative; timing individualized)"],"operation_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for a single resective craniotomy such as anterior temporal lobectomy; excludes anesthesia preparation and recovery."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One resective operation after completed presurgical evaluation; invasive monitoring, when needed, is a separate preceding stage."},"stages":[{"code":"resection","label":"Resective surgery (e.g. anterior temporal lobectomy) under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage resection; follow-up checks are not counted as treatment sessions."},"hospital_nights":{"value":10,"source":"offers","parsed_details":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Resective surgery admission after completed presurgical evaluation; may include a brief intensive care or step-down stay."}},"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after resective surgery such as temporal lobectomy; formal therapy only if a deficit exists."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated craniotomy, once neurosurgeon confirms stable neurological status, wound check and no seizure or CSF leak concerns."},"back_to_work_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After resective surgery (e.g. temporal lobectomy) with desk work; varies by job, cognition, seizure status, driving rules."},"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity such as walking earlier; contact sports, heavy lifting and swimming only after surgeon clearance and seizure-safety review."},"final_result_months":{"min":12,"max":24,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Seizure outcome is usually judged 1-2 years after surgery; medication taper decisions are individualized."},"result_longevity":"Seizure freedom after resective surgery is often long-lasting, with roughly 50-70% of temporal lobe cases seizure-free at 5 years. Late relapses occur in some patients; durability depends on epilepsy type, lesion and completeness of resection.","main_risks":["Visual field deficit (e.g. superior quadrantanopia after temporal resection)","Memory or language decline, especially with dominant-hemisphere surgery","Infection, bleeding or stroke","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or hydrocephalus","Mood changes, depression or anxiety","Focal neurological deficit depending on resection site","Anesthesia-related risks"],"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 90 days, including visual field loss and transient deficits; permanent major deficits about 2-5%."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat resective surgery for persistent or recurrent seizures within several years; rare early reoperation for bleeding or infection."},"success":{"metric":"Seizure freedom after temporal lobe resection","value":65,"horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"Curved or linear scalp incision, usually in the hairline or behind it, healing to a thin scar largely hidden by hair; temporary shaved area possible.","pain":"Moderate headache and incision or jaw pain in the first days, controlled with oral or intravenous analgesia; usually settles within 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Presurgical video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology; often PET/SPECT or intracranial EEG","Multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery team review and informed consent","Preoperative blood tests and anesthetic assessment","Review all medicines; continue antiseizure medication","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Arrange support at home and discuss driving restrictions"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Neurological monitoring, pain control, early mobilization and continued antiseizure medication.","restrictions":["No driving","Stay under supervision"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Fatigue, headache and wound healing; gradual increase in walking and daily activities.","restrictions":["No driving","No heavy lifting or strenuous activity","Avoid swimming and bathing alone"]},{"phase":"Return to activity (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to work or study and graded exercise as cleared; cognitive and mood follow-up.","restrictions":["Follow local driving rules after seizure-free interval","Avoid contact sports until cleared"]},{"phase":"Long-term follow-up (months 3-24)","description":"Seizure outcome assessment, imaging, neuropsychology and decisions on medication tapering.","restrictions":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}}],"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check and suture or staple removal."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":60,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Neurological review, seizure diary and medication review; often repeat MRI."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":365,"max":730,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Seizure outcome and neuropsychological reassessment."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you can ask the treatment team questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check how your aftercare will be coordinated before you go ahead","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon you consult will be the person carrying out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Ask for examples of the practitioner’s experience with the surgery you plan to have","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Ask for examples of the practitioners’ experience with the surgery you are intending to have.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C7","text":"Check that a face-to-face consultation with the operating health professional takes place before any procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"A face-to-face consultation with the health professional who will carry out any planned surgery or treatment must take place before any procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Pressure to decide quickly or accept a cheap, time-limited offer","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"The surgeon you consult may not be the person who operates","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Surgery offered as a package combined with holidays","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Be wary of package deals which combine surgery with holidays – any decision to have surgery should be taken based on medical reasons only.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"A hard sell, or no discussion of possible complications before booking","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Weakness and speech impairments","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Brain tissue damage, resulting in neurological changes (like weakness and speech impairments) or stroke.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Delayed healing at the surgical site","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Delayed healing at the surgical site.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Severe pain after surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"But let your provider know if the pain is severe or if you experience any additional symptoms.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctor needs the medicines given to continue treatment","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs imaging to compare and follow up care","document":"scans and x-ray copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After resective surgery (e.g. temporal lobectomy) with desk work; varies by job, cognition, seizure status, driving rules."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any complication within 90 days, including visual field loss and transient deficits; permanent major deficits about 2-5%."},"contraindications":["Seizures that are not epileptic (e.g. psychogenic non-epileptic events)","Focus in eloquent cortex, unresectable without deficit; no palliative option","Generalized epilepsy without targetable focus (relative; consider neuromodulation)","Unfit for anesthesia or craniotomy from severe comorbidity (relative)","Active untreated intracranial infection or uncorrected bleeding disorder","Unmanaged severe psychiatric illness or inability to follow evaluation (relative)","Pregnancy (relative; timing individualized)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Resective surgery admission after completed presurgical evaluation; may include a brief intensive care or step-down stay."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity such as walking earlier; contact sports, heavy lifting and swimming only after surgeon clearance and seizure-safety review."},"final_result_months":{"min":12,"max":24,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Seizure outcome is usually judged 1-2 years after surgery; medication taper decisions are individualized."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After uncomplicated craniotomy, once neurosurgeon confirms stable neurological status, wound check and no seizure or CSF leak concerns."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check and suture or staple removal."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":60,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Neurological review, seizure diary and medication review; often repeat MRI."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":365,"max":730,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Seizure outcome and neuropsychological reassessment."}}],"indications":["Drug-resistant focal epilepsy (failure of two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications)","Well-localized resectable focus, such as mesial temporal sclerosis","Structural lesion causing epilepsy (e.g. tumor, cavernoma, focal cortical dysplasia)","Disabling seizures with concordant presurgical findings (video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology)"],"main_risks":["Visual field deficit (e.g. superior quadrantanopia after temporal resection)","Memory or language decline, especially with dominant-hemisphere surgery","Infection, bleeding or stroke","Cerebrospinal fluid leak or hydrocephalus","Mood changes, depression or anxiety","Focal neurological deficit depending on resection site","Anesthesia-related risks"],"pain":"Moderate headache and incision or jaw pain in the first days, controlled with oral or intravenous analgesia; usually settles within 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Presurgical video-EEG, MRI, neuropsychology; often PET/SPECT or intracranial EEG","Multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery team review and informed consent","Preoperative blood tests and anesthetic assessment","Review all medicines; continue antiseizure medication","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Arrange support at home and discuss driving restrictions"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-7)","description":"Neurological monitoring, pain control, early mobilization and continued antiseizure medication.","restrictions":["No driving","Stay under supervision"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Fatigue, headache and wound healing; gradual increase in walking and daily activities.","restrictions":["No driving","No heavy lifting or strenuous activity","Avoid swimming and bathing alone"]},{"phase":"Return to activity (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to work or study and graded exercise as cleared; cognitive and mood follow-up.","restrictions":["Follow local driving rules after seizure-free interval","Avoid contact sports until cleared"]},{"phase":"Long-term follow-up (months 3-24)","description":"Seizure outcome assessment, imaging, neuropsychology and decisions on medication tapering.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":30,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after resective surgery such as temporal lobectomy; formal therapy only if a deficit exists."},"result_longevity":"Seizure freedom after resective surgery is often long-lasting, with roughly 50-70% of temporal lobe cases seizure-free at 5 years. Late relapses occur in some patients; durability depends on epilepsy type, lesion and completeness of resection.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat resective surgery for persistent or recurrent seizures within several years; rare early reoperation for bleeding or infection."},"scars":"Curved or linear scalp incision, usually in the hairline or behind it, healing to a thin scar largely hidden by hair; temporary shaved area possible.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One resective operation after completed presurgical evaluation; invasive monitoring, when needed, is a separate preceding stage."},"stages":[{"code":"resection","label":"Resective surgery (e.g. anterior temporal lobectomy) under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage resection; follow-up checks are not counted as treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Seizure freedom after temporal lobe resection","value":65,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","population":"Adults with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and concordant presurgical findings","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy","suits_whom":"Drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","recovery":"Hospital stay about 3-7 days; return to work about 6-12 weeks."},{"name":"Lesionectomy or focal cortical resection","suits_whom":"Epilepsy from a defined lesion (tumor, cavernoma, dysplasia) outside critical cortex","recovery":"Similar to craniotomy; hospital stay about 3-7 days."},{"name":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)","suits_whom":"Small deep focus such as mesial temporal sclerosis or hypothalamic hamartoma","recovery":"Shorter stay, often 1-2 nights; faster return to activity."},{"name":"Disconnective surgery (corpus callosotomy, hemispherotomy)","suits_whom":"Selected drop-attack seizures or widespread unilateral damage, often in children","recovery":"Longer inpatient stay; individualized rehabilitation."},{"name":"Vagus nerve stimulator implantation (palliative)","suits_whom":"Drug-resistant epilepsy not suitable for resection","recovery":"Day case or 1 night; return to normal activity in days to 2 weeks."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for a single resective craniotomy such as anterior temporal lobectomy; excludes anesthesia preparation and recovery."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Brain MRI epilepsy protocol on disc","Video-EEG monitoring report","Neurologist's epilepsy summary letter","List of tried antiseizure medications and doses","Neuropsychological testing report (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single resective operation after remote review; 10-14 days stay. Second trip only if invasive monitoring or in-person evaluation needed first."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you can ask the treatment team questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check how your aftercare will be coordinated before you go ahead","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon you consult will be the person carrying out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Ask for examples of the practitioner’s experience with the surgery you plan to have","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Ask for examples of the practitioners’ experience with the surgery you are intending to have.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C7","text":"Check that a face-to-face consultation with the operating health professional takes place before any procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"A face-to-face consultation with the health professional who will carry out any planned surgery or treatment must take place before any procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Pressure to decide quickly or accept a cheap, time-limited offer","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"The surgeon you consult may not be the person who operates","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Surgery offered as a package combined with holidays","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Be wary of package deals which combine surgery with holidays – any decision to have surgery should be taken based on medical reasons only.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"A hard sell, or no discussion of possible complications before booking","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Weakness and speech impairments","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Brain tissue damage, resulting in neurological changes (like weakness and speech impairments) or stroke.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Delayed healing at the surgical site","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Delayed healing at the surgical site.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Severe pain after surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"But let your provider know if the pain is severe or if you experience any additional symptoms.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctor needs the medicines given to continue treatment","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs imaging to compare and follow up care","document":"scans and x-ray copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your epileptic focus can be monitored with an implanted device","name":"Responsive neurostimulation","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"RNS involves a device that’s implanted in your brain near where the epileptic focus is and continuously monitors brain waves.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your abnormal brain waves may occur far from one area","name":"Deep brain stimulation","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A device is implanted deep in your brain that sends electrical pulses episodically (in a series) to disrupt abnormal epileptic brain waves that might happen far away from the DBS electrode.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A3","text":"You have not yet tried anti-seizure medications","name":"Anti-seizure medications","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Your provider may first try anti-seizure medications to stop your seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"anterior-temporal-lobectomy","name":"Anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The procedure removes seizure-causing temporal lobe tissue","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A temporal lobectomy (removal of part of your temporal lobe) is the most common type of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}},{"id":"lesionectomy","name":"Lesionectomy or focal cortical resection","how_it_works":{"text":"The procedure removes seizure-starting or abnormal brain tissue","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Removing the part of your brain where the seizures start or removing the abnormal brain tissue that’s causing the seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}},{"id":"laser-interstitial-thermal","name":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)","how_it_works":{"text":"Lasers target and eliminate the brain area where seizures begin","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"During this minimally invasive surgery, lasers are used to pinpoint the exact area of the brain where the seizures are happening and eliminate the focus (where the seizures begin).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":2,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","label":"2 weeks","source":{"url":"https://healthcare.utah.edu/neurosciences/neurosurgery/laser-ablation","host":"healthcare.utah.edu","quote":"It takes about two weeks to recover fully and resume normal activity at home after leaving the hospital.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"disconnective-surgery","name":"Disconnective surgery (corpus callosotomy, hemispherotomy)","how_it_works":{"text":"The procedure disconnects brain areas to stop seizure spread","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Disconnecting parts of your brain or areas where nerve cells communicate to stop the spread of seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}},{"id":"vagus-nerve-stimulator","name":"Vagus nerve stimulator implantation (palliative)","how_it_works":{"text":"An implanted device stimulates the vagus nerve through neck electrodes","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A device is implanted in your chest and electrodes are placed in your neck around the left vagus nerve.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":1,"max":1,"unit":"weeks","label":"1 week","source":{"url":"https://www.pennmedicine.org/treatments/vagus-nerve-stimulation","host":"pennmedicine.org","quote":"Most people go home the same day as the procedure and can resume most of their normal activities within one week.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"anterior-temporal-lobectomy","name":"Anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The procedure removes seizure-causing temporal lobe tissue","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A temporal lobectomy (removal of part of your temporal lobe) is the most common type of surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Hospital stay about 3-7 days; return to work about 6-12 weeks."},{"id":"lesionectomy","name":"Lesionectomy or focal cortical resection","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The procedure removes seizure-starting or abnormal brain tissue","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Removing the part of your brain where the seizures start or removing the abnormal brain tissue that’s causing the seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Epilepsy from a defined lesion (tumor, cavernoma, dysplasia) outside critical cortex","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Similar to craniotomy; hospital stay about 3-7 days."},{"id":"laser-interstitial-thermal","name":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Lasers target and eliminate the brain area where seizures begin","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"During this minimally invasive surgery, lasers are used to pinpoint the exact area of the brain where the seizures are happening and eliminate the focus (where the seizures begin).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":2,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","label":"2 weeks","source":{"url":"https://healthcare.utah.edu/neurosciences/neurosurgery/laser-ablation","host":"healthcare.utah.edu","quote":"It takes about two weeks to recover fully and resume normal activity at home after leaving the hospital.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Small deep focus such as mesial temporal sclerosis or hypothalamic hamartoma","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Shorter stay, often 1-2 nights; faster return to activity."},{"id":"disconnective-surgery","name":"Disconnective surgery (corpus callosotomy, hemispherotomy)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The procedure disconnects brain areas to stop seizure spread","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Disconnecting parts of your brain or areas where nerve cells communicate to stop the spread of seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"4–6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5015-epilepsy-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need plenty of rest as you slowly return to your normal daily activities, in about four to six weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Selected drop-attack seizures or widespread unilateral damage, often in children","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Longer inpatient stay; individualized rehabilitation."},{"id":"vagus-nerve-stimulator","name":"Vagus nerve stimulator implantation (palliative)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"An implanted device stimulates the vagus nerve through neck electrodes","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A device is implanted in your chest and electrodes are placed in your neck around the left vagus nerve.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":1,"max":1,"unit":"weeks","label":"1 week","source":{"url":"https://www.pennmedicine.org/treatments/vagus-nerve-stimulation","host":"pennmedicine.org","quote":"Most people go home the same day as the procedure and can resume most of their normal activities within one week.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Drug-resistant epilepsy not suitable for resection","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Day case or 1 night; return to normal activity in days to 2 weeks."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your epileptic focus can be monitored with an implanted device","name":"Responsive neurostimulation","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"RNS involves a device that’s implanted in your brain near where the epileptic focus is and continuously monitors brain waves.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your abnormal brain waves may occur far from one area","name":"Deep brain stimulation","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A device is implanted deep in your brain that sends electrical pulses episodically (in a series) to disrupt abnormal epileptic brain waves that might happen far away from the DBS electrode.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A3","text":"You have not yet tried anti-seizure medications","name":"Anti-seizure medications","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/epilepsy-seizures-treatment","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Your provider may first try anti-seizure medications to stop your seizures.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-02-09"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"The passport must have an expiry date at least 3 months after you plan to leave the Schengen area","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"have an ‘expiry date’ at least 3 months after the day you plan to leave the Schengen area (the expiry date does not need to be within 10 years of the date of issue)","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"medicines","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Carry prescription medication in its original packaging, along with your doctor's prescription","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"prescriptions","audience":"us","volatile":false,"text":"Medications that require a prescription in the United States also require a local doctor's prescription in Spain","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Medications requiring prescriptions in the United States also require a local doctor’s prescription in Spain.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V4","item":"ghic","audience":"uk","volatile":false,"text":"A GHIC or EHIC is needed to get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain, you need a Global Health Insurance Card ( GHIC ) or a European Health Insurance Card ( EHIC ).","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V5","item":"hospital_payment","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof of insurance or funds before admitting a patient","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof insurance or funds before admitting a patient.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["austria","azerbaijan","brazil","china","france","germany","india","israel","lithuania","mexico","republic-of-korea","thailand","turkey","ukraine","united-arab-emirates","united-kingdom","united-states"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.7,"count":573,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"

Surgical treatment of epilepsy in Spain typically ranges from _op_408_price_from_ to _op_408_price_to_. Total costs depend on the surgical method, such as resection or neuromodulation, and the hospital location in cities like Barcelona, Madrid, or Pamplona. In the US, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Spain offers savings of around _price_percent_discount_%. Common inclusions involve surgeon fees, anesthesia, intensive care monitoring, and a 10-day inpatient stay.

\n\n\n\n

Bookimed Expert Insight: Choosing specialized centers in Barcelona provides access to world-renowned experts like Dr. Antonio Russi and Dr. Bartolome Oliver. At Centro Médico Teknon, patients benefit from a 52-year legacy of successful outcomes. While advanced robotic SEEG-guided procedures may start around $48,000, the value lies in specialized pediatric care and high success rates. For families, SJD Barcelona Children’s Hospital is a top-three European pediatric leader, ensuring specialized multidisciplinary support.

","faq":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"h2":[{"text":"Як це працює","kind":"content"},{"text":"Яка вартість хірургічного лікування епілепсії в Іспанії?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Пропозиції з хірургічного лікування епілепсії в Іспанії — листопад 2026","kind":"content"},{"text":"Дізнайтеся про найкращі клініки з хірургічного лікування епілепсії у Іспанії: 9 перевірених клінік та ціни","kind":"content"},{"text":"Огляд процедури Хірургічне лікування епілепсії в Іспанії","kind":"content"},{"text":"Найкращі фахівці з хірургічного лікування епілепсії в Іспанії — 13 лікарів із відгуками та цінами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Відеоісторії пацієнтів Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Відгуки про Bookimed: дізнайтеся про реальний досвід пацієнтів","kind":"content"},{"text":"Корисні статті","kind":"content"},{"text":"Поділитися цим контентом","kind":"content"},{"text":"Отримати безкоштовну консультацію","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[{"field":"medical.hospital_nights","chosen":"offers","offers":10,"parsed_details":{"min":3,"max":7}}]}