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wound infection or persistent pain."},"contraindications":["Uncorrected bleeding disorder or unmanageable therapeutic anticoagulation","Unfitness for anesthesia due to severe cardiopulmonary disease (relative)","Active local or systemic infection (relative, usually postponed unless urgent)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Simple orchiectomy is usually done as a day case; an overnight stay is occasional."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":2,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity earlier; heavy lifting and strenuous exercise after wound healing and surgeon clearance."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Time for swelling to settle and the scar to mature; hormonal effects depend on the indication."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After wound check and surgeon clearance; short flights earlier, longer flights depend on swelling, pain and anesthesia recovery."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":3,"max":7,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound and swelling check before flying home."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":10,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Pathology review if the testicle was removed for suspected tumor or other diagnosis."}}],"indications":["Suspected or confirmed testicular cancer","Androgen deprivation in advanced prostate cancer","Gender dysphoria requiring gonadectomy","Non-viable testis from torsion, trauma, or infection","Chronic testicular pain unresponsive to other treatment"],"main_risks":["Bleeding or scrotal hematoma","Wound infection","Chronic scrotal or groin pain","Anesthesia-related risks","Testosterone deficiency after bilateral removal"],"pain":"Mild to moderate groin or scrotal pain for several days, usually controlled with oral analgesics.","preparation":["Preoperative assessment with examination and imaging as indicated","Blood tests including tumor markers if cancer is suspected","Discussion of sperm banking and fertility","Fasting before general anesthesia as instructed","Arrange transport home and support"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0-3","description":"Rest near clinic with scrotal support, ice and oral analgesia; some swelling and bruising.","restrictions":["No driving after anesthesia","Avoid lifting"]},{"phase":"Days 4-14","description":"Swelling and discomfort gradually decrease, wound check, return to light or desk activity.","restrictions":["Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise","Keep wound clean and dry"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-6","description":"Wound fully heals and activity gradually returns to normal.","restrictions":["Resume strenuous exercise only when cleared by surgeon"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery to normal daily activities; no formal rehabilitation needed."},"result_longevity":"Permanent removal of the testicle; hormonal and oncologic outcomes depend on the indication and follow-up.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":4,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Return to theatre for hematoma drainage or wound problems within 90 days."},"scars":"Small incision in the groin (inguinal approach) or scrotum (simple approach), usually healing to a fine line scar.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One operative session; optional prosthesis implantation may be done at the same time or later."},"stages":[{"code":"orchiectomy","label":"Surgical removal of the testicle","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Single operation on the day of procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Standalone orchiectomy as a single procedure."},"success":{"metric":"Successful testis removal without need for reoperation","value":97,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"3 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Follow-up and pathology review can be done remotely."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the surgeon's qualifications, since the medical team's qualifications should be confirmed before treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that the surgeon is fully insured to carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://cutover.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad/","host":"cutover.rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"The surgeon should also be fully insured to carry out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check whether follow-up care is scheduled at 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concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Blood or pus coming from the incision","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/orchiectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"See blood or pus coming from the incision.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Loss of feeling in the scrotum","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/orchiectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Lose feeling or sensation in your scrotum.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Purple spot on the scrotum","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/orchiectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Notice any redness near the incision or a purple spot on the scrotum.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Fever or severe 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