{"key":"op_661_KR","page":{"url":"https://ua.bookimed.com/clinics/country=republic-of-korea/procedure=facial-feminization-surgery/","procedure":{"id":661,"slug":"facial-feminization-surgery","name":"Фемінізація обличчя","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"plastic-surgery","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":36,"iso":"KR","name":"Південна Корея"},"currency":"USD","data_date":"2026-07-23"},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://ua.bookimed.com/clinics/country=republic-of-korea/procedure=facial-feminization-surgery/","cost_url":"https://ua.bookimed.com/clinics/country=republic-of-korea/procedure=facial-feminization-surgery/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":10000,"to":20000,"avg":{"value":11000,"method":"median","source":"clinics"},"us":{"from":20000,"to":45000},"uk":{"from":15500,"to":28000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"Сеул","from":10000}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":3500,"to":8000},{"country_iso":"FR","from":9500,"to":18000},{"country_iso":"GB","from":15500,"to":28000},{"country_iso":"US","from":20000,"to":45000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":9500,"to":15500},{"country_iso":"TR","from":4600,"to":10400},{"country_iso":"MX","from":6500,"to":17500},{"country_iso":"DE","from":15500,"to":22000},{"country_iso":"CA","from":14000,"to":30000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":9500,"to":16000},{"country_iso":"TH","from":9200,"to":13000},{"country_iso":"PL","from":6500,"to":13000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":4800,"to":8500},{"country_iso":"AT","from":9500,"to":19500},{"country_iso":"ES","from":10800,"to":17500},{"country_iso":"IT","from":20000,"to":40000},{"country_iso":"CN","from":6500,"to":13500},{"country_iso":"AU","from":18000,"to":35000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":4500,"to":7500},{"country_iso":"MY","from":5500,"to":10000},{"country_iso":"VN","from":3800,"to":6800},{"country_iso":"BR","from":6500,"to":12500}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":50,"variant":"ranges_overlap"},"package":{"included":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":8,"items":[{"id":5006,"name":"SAERO Plastic Surgery","city":"Seoul","rating":4.9,"reviews_count":33,"accreditations":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Achieves high patient satisfaction with tailored FFS procedures. 98% of patients recommend the clinic. 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than pain afterwards.","preparation":["Consultation with 3D/CT facial assessment and surgical planning","Medical evaluation and routine pre-operative labs","Stopping smoking and nicotine as advised","Review medications with surgeon; only prescriber changes blood thinners","Fasting before general anesthesia","Arrange help at home and time off work","Discuss hair, hormone therapy and documentation requirements"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Days 0-7","description":"Peak swelling and bruising, rest with head elevated, dressings and drains if used removed early.","restrictions":["Keep head elevated","No bending or lifting","Soft diet if jaw surgery done"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-4","description":"Sutures removed, bruising fades, return to desk work as swelling allows.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise","Avoid contact and sun exposure to scars"]},{"phase":"Weeks 4-8","description":"Gradual return to normal activity, numbness improves.","restrictions":["No strenuous exercise until surgeon 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carried out","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"How many procedures of the kind you are interested in have they undertaken","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that the surgeon has the correct training and qualifications","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://baaps.org.uk/patients/safety_in_surgery/cosmetic_tourism.aspx","host":"baaps.org.uk","quote":"Ask your surgeon which organisations they belong to and ensure they have the correct training and qualifications.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you have a named doctor to contact about complications, not just a helpline","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Make sure you have the contact details of a named doctor who can deal with any complications rather than a helpline.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that the surgeon speaks a language you understand well enough to discuss your care","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Make sure your surgeon speaks English or another language you speak well enough.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check what insurance the surgeon and hospital hold, and what it does and does not cover","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Ask the surgeon and the hospital what insurance they have and what it will, and will not cover you for.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Cut-price campaigns or cheap offers for surgery are not appropriate","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://bapras.org.uk/media-government/news-and-views/view/cut-it-out-surgery-societies-and-britain's-largest-surgical-royal-college-slam-summer-discounts","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Surgery should never be subject to cut price campaigns or cheap offers, it is too important.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Increased redness, pain, drainage or swelling","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Symptoms of infection, including increased redness, pain, drainage or swelling.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Shortness of breath","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeats). Chest pain . Shortness of breath","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Chest pain","urgency":"emergency","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeats). Chest pain","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives the home doctor a written account of the procedure performed","document":"written information about the procedure","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you’ve had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"For desk or remote work once swelling eases. 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Swelling and numbness linger; strenuous exercise restricted for 4–8 weeks."},"result_longevity":"Skeletal and structural changes are generally permanent; soft tissue ages naturally over time.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":3,"max":10,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Secondary surgery for contour irregularity, hardware problems or aesthetic refinement within about 1-2 years."},"scars":"Scars are mostly hidden: within the hairline or scalp, inside the mouth, and at the nasal base or under the nose; a hairline scar is usually well concealed once healed.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Typically a single combined operation; staged surgery is an option for some patients."},"stages":[{"code":"ffs_surgery","label":"Combined facial feminization surgery under general anesthesia","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of the procedure."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage multi-procedure FFS; follow-up checks are not counted as stages."},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with facial appearance and gender congruence","value":90,"unit":"percent satisfied","horizon":"12 months after surgery","population":"Adult trans women after combined FFS under general anesthesia","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Frontal cranioplasty with brow bossing reduction and hairline advancement","suits_whom":"Patients with prominent brow ridge or high forehead/hairline.","recovery":"Swelling and forehead numbness for weeks to months; scalp scar hidden in hairline."},{"name":"Mandible and chin contouring (angle reduction, genioplasty)","suits_whom":"Patients with a wide jaw or square or long chin.","recovery":"Soft diet for a couple of weeks; swelling and lip numbness may last weeks to months."},{"name":"Rhinoplasty","suits_whom":"Patients wishing to refine nasal shape and proportion.","recovery":"Splint about 1 week; swelling settles over many months."},{"name":"Tracheal shave (thyroid cartilage reduction)","suits_whom":"Patients with a prominent Adam's apple.","recovery":"Throat soreness and temporary voice changes for days to weeks."},{"name":"Lip lift","suits_whom":"Patients with a long upper lip.","recovery":"Swelling for 1-2 weeks; scars fade over months."},{"name":"Cheek augmentation","suits_whom":"Patients with a flat midface or hollow cheeks.","recovery":"Swelling for 2-4 weeks; implant or fat graft settles over months."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":6,"max":10,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Typical combined multi-procedure FFS in one operation; shorter for limited procedures."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Front, side and oblique face photos","Profile photo with hair pulled back","Facial or craniofacial CT scan (if available)","Neck photo showing Adam's apple","List of blood thinners and hormone therapy"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage combined surgery; stay about 7-14 days until first check and surgeon clearance to fly."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check how many procedures of this kind the surgeon has carried out","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"How many procedures of the kind you are interested in have they undertaken","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that the surgeon has the correct training and qualifications","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://baaps.org.uk/patients/safety_in_surgery/cosmetic_tourism.aspx","host":"baaps.org.uk","quote":"Ask your surgeon which organisations they belong to and ensure they have the correct training and qualifications.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you have a named doctor to contact about complications, not just a helpline","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Make sure you have the contact details of a named doctor who can deal with any complications rather than a helpline.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that the surgeon speaks a language you understand well enough to discuss your care","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Make sure your surgeon speaks English or another language you speak well enough.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check what insurance the surgeon and hospital hold, and what it does and does not cover","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/having-surgery-abroad","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"Ask the surgeon and the hospital what insurance they have and what it will, and will not cover you for.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Cut-price campaigns or cheap offers for surgery are not appropriate","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://bapras.org.uk/media-government/news-and-views/view/cut-it-out-surgery-societies-and-britain's-largest-surgical-royal-college-slam-summer-discounts","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Surgery should never be subject to cut price campaigns or cheap offers, it is too important.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Increased redness, pain, drainage or swelling","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Symptoms of infection, including increased redness, pain, drainage or swelling.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Shortness of breath","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeats). Chest pain . Shortness of breath","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Chest pain","urgency":"emergency","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeats). Chest pain","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Gives the home doctor a written account of the procedure performed","document":"written information about the procedure","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you’ve had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs the clinic's follow-up recommendations in a written discharge summary","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"When you have treatment abroad, you must ask the treatment provider for their follow-up recommendations documented within a written discharge summary in English.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You want lip or brow volume changes without surgery","name":"Dermal fillers","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/facial-feminization-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"If you opt for lip or brow fillers, be very cautious about permanent fillers, such as silicone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You are taking hormones and your cheeks are filling out","name":"Hormone therapy","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/facial-feminization-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"For many people, when synthetic hormones begin to redistribute body fat, the cheeks get sufficiently fuller on their own.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":263}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"frontal-cranioplasty","name":"Frontal cranioplasty with brow bossing reduction and hairline advancement","how_it_works":{"text":"Skin is brought forward and forehead bone is reshaped","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A surgeon makes an incision along the length of your hairline and brings your skin forward over your forehead.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":2,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","label":"2 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/cosmetic-plastic-surgery/procedures/forehead-brow-lift","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Most patients fully recover within two weeks and return to their normal routine.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}},{"id":"mandible","name":"Mandible and chin contouring (angle reduction, genioplasty)","how_it_works":{"text":"The surgeon cuts part of the chin bone and repositions it","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24041-sliding-genioplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A surgeon cuts part of your chin bone and repositions it.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"rhinoplasty","name":"Rhinoplasty","how_it_works":{"text":"The shape or size of the nose is changed surgically","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/cosmetic-surgery/nose-reshaping-rhinoplasty/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Nose reshaping (rhinoplasty or a \"nose job\") is an operation to change the shape or size of the nose.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"tracheal-shave","name":"Tracheal shave (thyroid cartilage reduction)","how_it_works":{"text":"Some neck cartilage is removed through a small chin incision","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"a surgeon makes an incision under your chin and removes some of the cartilage in your neck.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"lip-lift","name":"Lip lift","how_it_works":{"text":"The space between the nose and upper lip is reduced surgically","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/lip-lift","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A lip lift is a surgical procedure to lessen the space between the bottom of your nose and the top of your lip.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"cheek-augmentation","name":"Cheek augmentation","how_it_works":{"text":"Volume or lift is added to the cheeks","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/cheek-augmentation","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"The goal of cheek augmentation is to add volume or lift to the cheeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"frontal-cranioplasty","name":"Frontal cranioplasty with brow bossing reduction and hairline advancement","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Skin is brought forward and forehead bone is reshaped","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A surgeon makes an incision along the length of your hairline and brings your skin forward over your forehead.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":2,"max":2,"unit":"weeks","label":"2 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/cosmetic-plastic-surgery/procedures/forehead-brow-lift","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Most patients fully recover within two weeks and return to their normal routine.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Patients with prominent brow ridge or high forehead/hairline.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Swelling and forehead numbness for weeks to months; scalp scar hidden in hairline."},{"id":"mandible","name":"Mandible and chin contouring (angle reduction, genioplasty)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The surgeon cuts part of the chin bone and repositions it","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24041-sliding-genioplasty","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A surgeon cuts part of your chin bone and repositions it.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Patients with a wide jaw or square or long chin.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Soft diet for a couple of weeks; swelling and lip numbness may last weeks to months."},{"id":"rhinoplasty","name":"Rhinoplasty","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The shape or size of the nose is changed surgically","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/cosmetic-procedures/cosmetic-surgery/nose-reshaping-rhinoplasty/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Nose reshaping (rhinoplasty or a \"nose job\") is an operation to change the shape or size of the nose.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Patients wishing to refine nasal shape and proportion.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Splint about 1 week; swelling settles over many months."},{"id":"tracheal-shave","name":"Tracheal shave (thyroid cartilage reduction)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Some neck cartilage is removed through a small chin incision","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21574-facial-feminization-surgery","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"a surgeon makes an incision under your chin and removes some of the cartilage in your neck.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Patients with a prominent Adam's apple.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Throat soreness and temporary voice changes for days to weeks."},{"id":"lip-lift","name":"Lip lift","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The space between the nose and upper lip is reduced surgically","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/lip-lift","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A lip lift is a surgical procedure to lessen the space between the bottom of your nose and the top of your lip.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Patients with a long upper lip.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Swelling for 1-2 weeks; scars fade over months."},{"id":"cheek-augmentation","name":"Cheek augmentation","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Volume or lift is added to the cheeks","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/cheek-augmentation","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"The goal of cheek augmentation is to add volume or lift to the cheeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Patients with a flat midface or hollow cheeks.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Swelling for 2-4 weeks; implant or fat graft settles over months."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You want lip or brow volume changes without surgery","name":"Dermal fillers","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/facial-feminization-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"If you opt for lip or brow fillers, be very cautious about permanent fillers, such as silicone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You are taking hormones and your cheeks are filling out","name":"Hormone therapy","source":{"url":"https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/facial-feminization-surgery","host":"healthline.com","quote":"For many people, when synthetic hormones begin to redistribute body fat, the cheeks get sufficiently fuller on their own.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":263}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-11-12","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"Y1","text":"Republic of Korea runs a medical call center where consultants advise overseas patients in several languages around the clock","specialties":[],"source":{"url":"https://www.khidi.or.kr/board?menuId=MENU00807","host":"khidi.or.kr","quote":"Professional consultants provide advices in Korean, English, Japanese, Chinese, Russian and Arabic 24 hours daily.","tier":"government","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-05-10","version":1},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"visa","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"UK travelers can enter Republic of Korea for up to 90 days for short-term business or tourism","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-korea/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"You can enter South Korea for up to 90 days for short-term business or tourism.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"visa","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"US passport holders need a visa for stays in Republic of Korea longer than 90 days and for purposes other than tourism or business, including employment","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/SouthKorea.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Visa required for all other purposes, including employment, teaching English, and for stays longer than 90 days.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"For a tourist stay of up to 90 days in Republic of Korea, the passport must expire after the date you leave","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-korea/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To enter South Korea as a tourist for up to 90 days, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ after the date you are leaving South Korea.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V4","item":"passport_validity","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"A valid U.S. passport is required to enter Republic of Korea","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/SouthKorea.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"You must have a valid U.S. passport to enter Korea.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V5","item":"medicines","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Republic of Korea customs allow small amounts of medication for personal use, if kept in carry-on baggage","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-korea/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"South Korean customs authorities allow you to bring small amounts of medication for your personal use, if it is kept in carry-on baggage.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V6","item":"hospital_payment","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"In Republic of Korea, health care providers usually require payment before treatment or will not release a patient until hospital bills are paid","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/SouthKorea.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"In most cases, health care providers will require payment in advance of treatment or will not release a patient until hospital bills are paid.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V7","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"In Republic of Korea, call 119 and ask for an ambulance","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-korea/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Call 119 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["albania","azerbaijan","brazil","china","colombia","cyprus","dominican-republic","india","israel","italy","mexico","spain","thailand","turkey","ukraine","united-states"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.86,"count":71,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Facial feminization surgery (FFS) in the Republic of Korea typically costs from _op_661_price_from_ to _op_661_price_to_. The final price depends on the number of procedures, clinic prestige, and elective bone contouring. Patients save around _price_percent_discount_% compared to the US, where costs average _price_compare_US_average_. Standard Korean packages often include anesthesia, stays in specialized surgery wards, and advanced post-operative care like red-light therapy.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V-line surgery:</strong> Typically focuses on narrowing the jaw and chin for a feminine profile.</li>\n<li><strong>Forehead contouring:</strong> Often involves bone shaving or hairline lowering to reduce masculine brow ridges.</li>\n<li><strong>Feminizing rhinoplasty:</strong> Refines the nasal bridge and tip to create a smaller, more delicate shape.</li>\n<li><strong>Tracheal shave:</strong> Reduces the prominence of the Adam's apple through a minimally invasive incision.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> High-volume centers in Seoul like JK Plastic Surgery Center and VG Plastic Surgery offer superior value through specialized teams. Many clinics are accredited by the Korean International Healthcare Association (KOIHA) and provide multilingual staff for seamless care. International patients should utilize the 7-10% VAT refund available at most major Seoul facilities. This tax incentive effectively covers a significant portion of local recovery accommodation costs.</p>","faq":[{"q":"Is facial feminization surgery safe and what are the major risks?","a":"<p>Facial feminization surgery in South Korea is highly safe when performed by board-certified specialists using advanced 3D bone imaging. While major complications are rare, risks include temporary nerve numbness, infection, and potential aesthetic asymmetry. Most patients achieve initial healing within 3 months of the procedure.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Nerve sensation:</strong> Temporary numbness or tingling typically resolves within 12 to 18 months post-surgery.</li> <li><strong>3D planning:</strong> Surgeons use 3D simulations to prevent over-resection and protect vital facial nerves.</li> <li><strong>Infection control:</strong> Health centers with KOIHA accreditation strictly follow international safety and hygiene standards.</li> <li><strong>Success rates:</strong> High-volume centers like JK Plastic Surgery Center report exceptional safety records over 20 years.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Data from top Seoul clinics shows a shift toward conservative bone contouring rather than aggressive shaving. This approach significantly reduces the risk of airway compromise compared to traditional Western methods. Choosing a clinic with 3D simulation technology, such as VG Plastic Surgery, ensures the surgeon can visualize nerve pathways before the first incision is made.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize that while major risks are low, managing persistent swelling for up to 1 year requires significant patience. Many recommend securing an English-speaking coordinator early to ensure all aftercare protocols are clearly understood before fly-out.</p>"},{"q":"What does a typical FFS package in Korea include?","a":"<p>A typical facial feminization surgery package in Korea covers bone contouring, rhinoplasty, and soft tissue refinement to create feminine proportions. These all-inclusive bundles usually include 3D CT diagnostic imaging, general anesthesia, 1–3 nights of hospital monitoring, and specialized deswelling treatments like high-pressure oxygen therapy.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Core surgeries:</strong> Includes V-line jaw reduction, cheekbone shaving, forehead contouring, and feminizing rhinoplasty.</li> <li><strong>Medical diagnostics:</strong> Covers 3D CT scans, X-rays, and blood work for precise bone mapping.</li> <li><strong>Post-operative care:</strong> Provides red-light therapy, deswelling lasers, and all required recovery medications.</li> <li><strong>Patient logistics:</strong> Includes VIP airport transfers, multilingual coordinators, and assistance with local recovery housing.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many clinics like VG Plastic Surgery or JK Plastic Surgery Center offer premium facilities, the most successful outcomes often come from clinics performing over 1,000 surgeries annually. High-volume centers frequently bundle sophisticated deswelling programs into their base price. This is a critical value-add because specialized recovery tech can significantly reduce the downtime required before your return flight.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients often highlight that while bone work is the foundation, smaller add-ons like tracheal shaves or lip lifts may require separate confirmation. Many travelers appreciate the subtle, natural results but advise requesting a written itemization of all planned procedures before paying your deposit.</p>"},{"q":"How long is the recovery and when can I fly home?","a":"<p>Recovery for facial feminization surgery in South Korea typically requires 10 to 14 days before flying home. While initial healing takes 2 to 4 weeks, final aesthetic results stabilize over 3 to 6 months. Most patients undergo 3 to 7 days of clinical hospitalization in Seoul for monitoring.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Expect 3 to 7 days of inpatient care for initial post-operative monitoring.</li> <li><strong>Initial downtime:</strong> Major swelling peaks at days 3 to 5 and subsides within 3 weeks.</li> <li><strong>Flying timeline:</strong> Minimum 10 to 14 days post-op is required for safe international air travel.</li> <li><strong>Long-term recovery:</strong> Full tissue healing and final facial contouring typically take 3 to 6 months.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Data shows FFS patients in Korea benefit from high-volume centers like JK Plastic Surgery, which has performed 85,000+ procedures. While basic hairline work allows travel by day 10, full jaw and tracheal contouring often require 3 weeks of recovery before navigating long-haul pressure changes safely.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Most patients feel presentable by week 2 despite lingering bruising. They recommend booking flexible flights and choosing business class to manage sinus pressure and swelling during the trip home.</p>"},{"q":"How do I know if I am a good candidate for FFS in Korea?","a":"<p>You are a prime candidate for Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) in Korea if you seek significant bone restructuring to achieve a smaller, V-line facial silhouette. Ideal candidates have stable physical health, bone maturity typically over age 25, and aesthetic goals aligned with slim, contoured Korean beauty standards.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Bone structure:</strong> Best for those with prominent brow ridges, square jawlines, or wide cheekbones.</li> <li><strong>Health status:</strong> Requires a BMI under 25 and no history of smoking or keloid scarring.</li> <li><strong>Aesthetic alignment:</strong> Ideal if you prefer aggressive V-line slimming over Western volume-preserving facial results.</li> <li><strong>Recovery logistics:</strong> Candidates must remain in Seoul for 2–3 weeks for intensive follow-up care.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Korean clinics like VG Plastic Surgery and JK Plastic Surgery perform exceptionally high volumes, with some surgeons completing over 1,000 operations annually. This specialized focus on aggressive bone contouring often yields more transformative results than Western approaches. However, patients should ensure their goals match the slim Korean aesthetic to avoid potential over-feminization or facial hollowing.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients report that Korean surgeons excel at dramatic bone reduction but warn that initial swelling often exceeds Western norms. They recommend using 3D facial analysis during consultations to ensure the final V-line shape fits your personal expectations.</p>"},{"q":"Will the incisions be visible after FFS?","a":"<p>Most Facial Feminization Surgery incisions are hidden within the hairline, inside the mouth, or along natural skin creases to ensure they are not easily visible. Skilled surgeons in South Korea use intraoral and trichophytic techniques so scars remain virtually undetectable after the full 6–12 month healing period.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Intraoral access:</strong> Surgeons use incisions inside the mouth for jaw and chin contouring to avoid external scarring entirely.</li> <li><strong>Hairline placement:</strong> Forehead and brow incisions are tucked deep into the scalp where hair regrowth covers the site.</li> <li><strong>Natural creases:</strong> Rhinoplasty and lip lift scars are placed in shadows under the nose to blend with skin folds.</li> <li><strong>Tracheal shave:</strong> Specialized placement in the crease under the chin ensures the neck scar remains discreetly hidden.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many expect a single FFS surgeon, top Seoul clinics like VG Plastic Surgery often use a dual-specialist approach. A board-certified plastic surgeon handles the aesthetics while an otorhinolaryngologist manages functional airway integrity. This teamwork ensures that even when multiple incisions are necessary for complex restructuring, the structural support remains as refined as the outward cosmetic result.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients report that while incisions may appear red for the first 4 weeks, dedicated sun protection and silicone gels make them fade significantly. Most feel the structural changes far outweigh any minor, well-hidden lines that remain after a year of healing.</p>"},{"q":"Which cities/clinics are considered the best for FFS in Korea?","a":"<p>Seoul is the undisputed global hub for facial feminization surgery, primarily centered in the Gangnam District. Top-rated facilities like ID Hospital and VG Plastic Surgery utilize advanced 3D-CT imaging and bone-contouring specialists to achieve natural feminine proportions through jaw slimming and brow reduction.</p> <ul> <li><strong>ID Hospital:</strong> Features board-certified surgeons specialized in facial bone contouring and forehead feminization.</li> <li><strong>VG Plastic Surgery:</strong> Holds KOIHA accreditation and led by Catholic University of Korea PhDs.</li> <li><strong>JK Plastic Surgery:</strong> Maintains a 100% success rate with KAHF accreditation for international patients.</li> <li><strong>Girin Plastic Surgery:</strong> Recognized as a transgender-safe space focusing on natural-looking structural results.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Price does not always signal better outcomes in Seoul. Data shows JK Plastic Surgery and Dream Medical Group often cost 30% less than larger surgical centers like ID Hospital. These medium-sized clinics still provide high-level care with more personalized coordinator support for international travelers.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients suggest using Kakao channels for virtual consults to get accurate quotes. They also recommend staying in Gangnam guesthouses for 2–4 weeks to ensure safe recovery after bone work.</p>"},{"q":"How should I prepare clothing and luggage for a 2-week FFS stay in Korea?","a":"<p>Prepare for your two-week stay in Seoul by packing loose, front-opening clothing to avoid disturbing facial bandages or drain tubes. Prioritize comfort with oversized zip-up hoodies, button-down shirts, and wide-leg joggers to manage post-surgical swelling and maintain easy mobility during clinical follow-ups at Gangnam facilities.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Front-opening tops:</strong> Use zip-up hoodies or button-down shirts to avoid pulling fabric over facial incisions.</li> <li><strong>Loose bottoms:</strong> Pack 5 to 7 sets of soft joggers or leggings for maximum comfort.</li> <li><strong>Footwear:</strong> Bring slip-on shoes like Crocs or slippers for easy transitions during hospital stays.</li> <li><strong>Camouflage accessories:</strong> Include a wide-brim hat and oversized sunglasses to discreetly cover postoperative swelling.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many focus on clothing, luggage weight is the real recovery hurdle. Clinics like Saero Plastic Surgery or VG Plastic Surgery are in high-density areas where you will walk between your hotel and follow-up appointments. Keep your bag under 7kg to avoid straining facial muscles while lifting or pulling heavy suitcases.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Skip the jeans and turtlenecks entirely as they irritate sensitive incision sites. Most patients recommend packing light and buying extra cotton basics at local shops like Uniqlo if needed.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"Як це працює","kind":"content"},{"text":"Яка вартість фемінізації обличчя в Південній Кореї?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Дізнайтеся про найкращі клініки з фемінізації обличчя у Південній Кореї: 8 перевірених клінік та ціни","kind":"content"},{"text":"Фемінізація обличчя в Південній Кореї: план поїздки","kind":"content"},{"text":"Найкращі фахівці з фемінізації обличчя в Південній Кореї — 7 лікарів із відгуками та цінами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Відеоісторії пацієнтів Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Відгуки про Bookimed: дізнайтеся про реальний досвід пацієнтів","kind":"content"},{"text":"Фемінізація обличчя: Фото до та після","kind":"content"},{"text":"Корисні статті","kind":"content"},{"text":"Поділитися цим контентом","kind":"content"},{"text":"Все, що вам потрібно знати про фемінізацію обличчя в Південній Кореї","kind":"content"},{"text":"Хірургія фемінізації обличчя (FFS) у Республіці Корея","kind":"content"},{"text":"Чому варто обрати фемінізацію обличчя в Південній Кореї?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Які процедури зазвичай включені?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Хто є кандидатом на FFS у Південній Кореї?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Міркування щодо вартості FFS у корейських клініках","kind":"content"},{"text":"Відновлення після хірургії фемінізації обличчя","kind":"content"},{"text":"Стандарти безпеки та регулювання","kind":"content"},{"text":"Як обрати клініку","kind":"content"},{"text":"FAQ з фемінізації обличчя в Південній Кореї","kind":"content"},{"text":"Отримати безкоштовну консультацію","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}